• However there are still some issues

  2021-05-21

  

  However, there are still some issues that remain poorly understood. For instance, how TGF-β modulates DDR2 expression and whether Smads participate in the regulation. How does DDR2 regulate the expression of PTHrP via Runx2? Is there any other kinase downstream of DDR2 participating in PTHrP regulat

• Instead of receptor interaction or GT activity we focused on

  2021-05-21

  

  Instead of receptor interaction or GT activity, we focused on the CPD and autoprocessing. The CPDs from the 2 toxins are highly homologous: each cysteine protease targets an intramolecular substrate and mediates InsP6-induced autoprocessing to release the GTD into host cytosol.40, 41 However, TcdB i

• Another novel finding of our study was that the

  2021-05-21

  

  Another novel finding of our study was that the global 5 hmC was down-regulated and was associated with a substantial reduction of TET expression in the PE placentas compared with the controls. The decreased global 5 hmC level was consistent with the increased global 5 mC level in the preeclamptic p

• br Acknowledgments This study was supported by

  2021-05-20

  

  Acknowledgments This study was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and CompetitivenessPI10/00387, PI12/01087, PI12/01703, IPT-2011-0817-010000, and RIC Red de Investigación Cardiovascular (RIC)RD12/0042/0055. RIC is an initiative of Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spa

• kx2 It is of interest that an initial

  2021-05-20

  

  It is of interest that an initial maternal experience in virgin mice produces both changes in subsequent maternal behavior as well as possible changes in neural gene expression. Stolzenberg et al. (2012) proposed that experience-based changes in maternal responsiveness may be mediated by chromatin m

• EP is the major receptor

  2021-05-20

  

  EP4 is the major receptor to mediate PGE2-induced inflammatory pain. EP4 is upregulated by α-mangostin in DRG neurons [16]. Intrathecal injection of the EP4 agonist produced pain responses [25]. Either systemic or local injection of EP4 antagonists relieves inflammatory pain [3], [16], [26]. However

• Ultrasound is an acoustic wave with a frequency kHz

  2021-05-20

  

  Ultrasound is an acoustic wave with a frequency >20 kHz that needs a medium to propagate [20]. Accompanied by the spread of an ultrasonic wave, a series of alternating cycles of compression and rarefaction emerge in the liquid medium. During the rarefaction cycle, microbubbles are formed because of

• br Results br Discussion br Materials and

  2021-05-20

  

  Results Discussion Materials and Methods Acknowledgment This work was funded by the Collaborative Research Centre (SFB) 807 of the German Research Foundation (DFG) and supported by the state of Hessen (Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance) and the German Research Foundation (DO545/

• The effects of the endocrine active

  2021-05-20

  

  The effects of the endocrine active agents on hepatic ERα were varied. Both nonylphenol and genistein caused an increase in hepatic ERα in female rats, whereas EE2 did not. It is doubtful that the small changes in hepatic ERα induced by genistein and nonylphenol in female rats are sufficient to alte

• The human MARCH family comprises eleven members termed MARCH

  2021-05-20

  

  The human MARCH family comprises eleven members (termed MARCH-1 to 11), of which nine are transmembrane proteins. In this review, we focus on the role of the membrane-spanning MARCH proteins and how their transmembrane regions can mediate interactions with their target proteins. Therefore, the cytos

• br Acknowledgment This work was supported by the Estonian Sc

  2021-05-20

  

  Acknowledgment This work was supported by the Estonian Science Foundation (Grant ETF8862). Introduction In higher eukaryotes ionizing-radiation (IR) induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are primarily repaired by the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway [1]. Ku, a heterodimeric protein

• br Mammalian DGKs current knowledge Despite our understandin

  2021-05-20

  

  Mammalian DGKs: current knowledge Despite our understanding of prokaryotic DGKs, our limited understanding of the structure of mammalian DGKs is a major gap in our knowledge. Importantly, major differences exist between prokaryotic and mammalian enzymes often revealing the fact that structural fe

• Imeglimin hydrochloride br Introduction The stroma associate

  2021-05-19

  

  Introduction The stroma associated with breast cancer metastasis consists of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including fibrillar collagens, and a cellular component comprised of mesenchymal stem/multipotent stromal Imeglimin hydrochloride (MSCs), vessels, and cells of the immune system (Pei

• br Introduction Natural killer NK cells have an

  2021-05-19

  

  Introduction Natural killer (NK) cells have an unique ability to directly lyse transformed, virus-infected or stressed cells without prior sensitization or major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I restriction [1], [2]. They were initially defined and shown to be important effectors of the i

• Finally the recent work to

  2021-05-19

  

  Finally, the recent work to define the microcircuitry of the central amygdala and the role of specific cell populations in fear conditioning can stand as a useful model for advances in preclinical alcohol research. To date, the role of the amygdala in alcohol-related behaviors, and reward-related be

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