• The neural circuitry involved in the production of the EOD

  2024-03-28

  

  The neural circuitry involved in the production of the EOD, its modulations, and in the sensory processing of communication signals has been well characterized (Bell and Maler, 2005; Chacron et al., 2011; Krahe and Maler, 2014; reviewed in Metzner, 1999). Pacemaker cells located in the pacemaker nuc

• Apelin is a peptide hormone

  2024-03-28

  

  Apelin is a peptide hormone and an endogenous ligand for a G protein-coupled receptor named APJ [7], [8], and apelin and APJ are widely expressed in human organs including hypothalamus, heart, lungs, kidneys, adipose tissue, muscles, and others [9]. Apelin is initially synthesized as a 77-amino-acid

• Although it is not known if

  2024-03-27

  

  Although it is not known if CP-AMPAR regulation is required for LTD, our previous characterization of AKAP150ΔPIX knockin mice that are selectively deficient in CaN anchoring, due to disruption of a PxIxIT-type CaN docking motif, provided important insights. We found that AKAP-CaN signaling dephosph

• Another class of AMPK regulator

  2024-03-27

  

  Another class of AMPK regulator is peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1), which binds to a number of proteins and regulates oncogenesis and metabolic diseases (Khanal et al., 2013; Zhou and Lu, 2016). Pin1 has been shown to bind to and inhibit AMPK; therefore, at lea

• br Material and methods br Results br

  2024-03-27

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion RSV is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infancy and early childhood. Several observations suggest that immunological mechanisms may be the key to understand the severity of RSV bronchiolitis in infancy. Several laboratories have

• For the time being fluorescent in situ

  2024-03-27

  

  For the time being, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) remains the ‘gold standard’ for ALK rearrangements diagnosis but immunohistochemistry has become a widely used pre-screening tool and the FDA recently approved the Ventana ALK (D5F3) CDx Assay (Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ) as a com

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Diabetic

  2024-03-27

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Diabetic complications are responsible for increased morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. Increased flow of 103 9 receptor through the polyol pathway under conditions of hyperglycemia contributes to the development of diabetic complications. Aldose reduc

• CORM-3 Rising depolarization was observed during and decayin

  2024-03-27

  

  Rising depolarization was observed during and decaying depolarization after the photostimulation (Fig. 1D). The slow decrease of the firing rate after photostimulation is also a remarkable characteristic of the striatal neuron (Figs. 1E, 2 and 3), since the cortex pyramidal neurons (data not shown)

• In another study authors found that ADORA were

  2024-03-27

  

  In another study, authors found that ADORA1 were present on the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion amd3100 (ipRGCs), and application of adenosine to rat retinas reduced light-evoked spiking of ipRGCs through suppression of a cAMP-mediated pathway (Sodhi and Hartwick, 2014). The ipRGCs ar

• br Functional consequences of ADK regulation on astrocyte fu

  2024-03-27

  

  Functional consequences of ADK regulation on astrocyte function As outlined above (see introduction), ADK critically regulates the extracellular adenosine levels in 99 0 (Boison, 2006, Etherington et al., 2009). Changes in the levels of adenosine, as a result of the regulation of ADK expression/

• br Experimental procedures Adk tg

  2024-03-27

  

  Experimental procedures Adk-tg (Adktm1−/−:tg(UbiAdk) mice were created by breeding a loxP-flanked Adk transgene under the control of a human ubiquitin promoter into ADK knockout mice (Fedele et al., 2005,). Fb-Adk-def (Adktm1−/−:tg(UbiAdk):Emx1-Cre-tg3) mice were generated by pairing Emx1-Cre-tg3

• HT receptors are distributed throughout the brain within the

  2024-03-27

  

  5-HT3 receptors are distributed throughout the brain, within the brainstem (e.g., nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema and spinal trigeminal nucleus) and donepezil hydrochloride mg (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, putamen and caudate) (Abi-Dargham et al., 1993, Barnes et al., 19

• Mistletoe is universal name for various species

  2024-03-27

  

  Mistletoe is universal name for various species of parasitic plant which grows attached to and within the branches of host trees such as apple, elm, oak and pine. Mistletoe extract prepared from Viscum album, a species of mistletoe in the family Santalaceae, is generally known as European mistletoe

• In addition to the data provided by the

  2024-03-27

  

  In addition to the data provided by the Ki16425 treatment in the K/BxN arthritis model, new findings from the study of two new LPA receptor antagonists confirm the involvement of the LPA pathway in the pathogenesis of experimental arthritis. In the study by Miyabe et al., the authors reported the tr

• Since innate immune responses represent

  2024-03-27

  

  Since innate immune responses represent the first defense against incoming infectious microorganisms, they are particularly engaged during the early stages of viral infections. Many innate defense mechanisms rely on the engagement of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which are conserved, germ lin

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