• br STAR Methods br AMPK A

  2024-08-01

  

  STAR★Methods AMPK: A Therapeutic Target in the β Cell? Loss of pancreatic β cell function is a hallmark of the transition to a diagnosis of T2DM (see Glossary) 1, 2, 3, 4. AMPK activation has gained attention for the treatment of hyperglycemia in prediabetes as an insulin-sensitizing agent bec

• AMPK is a central regulator of cell

  2024-08-01

  

  AMPK is a central regulator of cell growth, migration, metabolism, autophagy, and cell polarity [20], [21], [22], [23]. It is highly conserved in eukaryotes and functions as the primary sensor of intracellular adenosine nucleotides [24]. When intracellular ATP levels decrease, AMPK is activated to g

• Previous studies have demonstrated that synaptic AMPARs

  2024-08-01

  

  Previous studies have demonstrated that synaptic AMPARs can differ greatly in their mobility; some rapidly and constitutively lxr agonist in and out of the synaptic membrane, while others remain somewhat stable in the synaptic membrane (Luscher et al., 1999, Luthi et al., 1999). We find that mGluR-

• Ketogenic diets are more effective in

  2024-08-01

  

  Ketogenic diets are more effective in promoting weight loss than conventional caloric restriction [26] however, their effect on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism remains inconclusive. Blood glucose homeostasis is tightly regulated. In both mice and humans consuming KD, baseline blood glucose decr

• Phosphodiesterase inhibition increases the intracellular lev

  2024-08-01

  

  Phosphodiesterase inhibition increases the intracellular levels of cAMP to restore spontaneous contraction (Essayan, 2001, Qi and Kwan, 1996), acting downstream of adenylyl cyclase. Therefore, cardiac arrest induced by decreased intracellular cAMP levels could be reversed by phosphodiesterase inhibi

• Previous studies suggest that TGF contributes to the

  2024-08-01

  

  Previous studies suggest that TGF-β contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic renal injury [47]. TGF-β stimulates matrix production and prevents matrix degradation, which leads to increase collagen deposition and glomerulosclerosis [48]. In the current study ABT702 significantly reduced renal coll

• br Introduction Adenosine deaminase ADA which can catalyze t

  2024-08-01

  

  Introduction Adenosine deaminase (ADA), which can catalyze the conversion of AD to inosine by removing an amino group, is a key hydrolytic enzyme of purine metabolism (Conway and Cooke, 1939), and plays an important role in an amount of diseases. For example, an increase of ADA activity in serum

• where is the breaking force In

  2024-08-01

  

  where is the breaking force. In the following, the details of the simulation are presented and subsequently, the results are discussed. The initial atomic structure is extracted from the crystal structure of single AF (PDB identification 3G37) which consist 12 monomers. As aforementioned 4 monomer

• Renal cell carcinoma RCC accounts

  2024-08-01

  

  Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for more than 12,000 cancer deaths in the United States (Jemal et al., 2003). The current treatment includes surgical resection followed by interleukin-2 or Interferon-α treatment. Some patients experience distant metastatic lesions of RCC. In the last 5 years, re

• br Results br Discussion Dopamine regulates behavioral respo

  2024-08-01

  

  Results Discussion Dopamine regulates behavioral responses to nicotine in Drosophila (Bainton et al., 2000), but neurochemical measurements of dopamine after nicotine stimulation had not been made. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the stimulation of nAChRs causes dopamine release i

• Anti LT therapy by LO

  2024-07-31

  

  Anti-LT therapy by 5-LO inhibition has been hampered by occurring liver toxicities by Zileuton or the clinical phase II compound Atreleuton [36], [37] However both compounds possess a thiophene as well as an N-hydroxyurea moiety. These features could be linked with reactive thiophene intermediates [

• br Introduction The process of mitosis

  2024-07-31

  

  Introduction The process of mitosis is highly complex and tightly regulated. This phase of the Dihydro-β-erythroidine hydrobromide resulted in two identical daughter cells. The aurora kinases (aurora A, B, and C) are a family of three highly homologous serine-threonine protein kinases that play

• ABC super family proteins are found in all

  2024-07-31

  

  ABC super family proteins are found in all forms of life and ABC-F subfamily of proteins are involved in cellular processes such as translational control and antibiotic resistance by ribosomal protection [3], [5]. The Mtb ABC proteins that do not contain transmembrane domains have not been studied [

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2024-07-31

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Numerous studies showed that Na+-K+-ATPase activity and membrane POM 1 synthesis were decreased in cardiac tissue subjected to IR (Belliard et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2013). In return, treatment that alleviated the progress of IR-related myocardial in

• Patients with cardiovascular disorders typically have lower

  2024-07-31

  

  Patients with cardiovascular disorders typically have lower plasma apelin levels than matched healthy controls. For example, plasma apelin levels are reduced in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and among CAD patients with unstable angina or acute myocardial infraction there is a further

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